编辑推荐

日语初学者在入门阶段能否形成规范化、系统化的语法框架，对之后的进一步学习有重要影响。为了帮助日语初级学习者打下一个坚实的语法基础，我们以《新版中日交流标准日本语 初级（第二版）》上下两册的语法知识点为素材，编写了这本日语初级语法书。

我们将所有标日初级语法知识点按接续、含义、词类划分为三个部分。其中，语法知识点标注了含义、接续、用法、例句、注意、补充等内容，并有1000多个实用例句，清晰讲解语法知识点及其用法。全书包含435道章节巩固习题，还有4套N4、N5语法部分模拟题，考点贴近实战，同时附有中文解析，方便读者巩固提升。衷心希望本书能够帮助读者建立日语语法框架，提高语法水平。

优势卖点

 分类创新，按接续、含义、词类划分语法，帮助读者理清初级语法的脉络条理。

 讲解透彻，从含义、接续、用法、例句、注意、补充等角度细致讲解语法点，抽丝剥茧，帮读者深入理解。

 1000多个地道例句，书面语句与生活口语兼容并蓄，帮助读者透彻掌握语法用法。

 每节内容后附有巩固练习题，及时检测语法掌握效果，巩固小节所学知识。

 所有巩固习题及模拟题均附有译文及解析，为读者答疑解惑。

 

前 言

日语初学者在入门阶段，能否形成规范化、系统化的语法结构框架，对于之后的进一步学习有重要影响。本书的编写目的在于为广大的《新版中日交流标准日本语 初级（第二版）》（简称《标日初级》）学习者提供一本能系统地复习语法的辅导书，帮助日语学习者建立语法框架，打牢初级阶段的语法基础。

本书是归纳总结性质的语法学习书，主要以《标日初级》上下两册的内容为基础，涵盖了其中出现的231个重要语法点，对其进行了条理清晰的讲解，同时还配有丰富的习题，帮助读者进一步巩固提升。

为了方便读者系统学习、科学记忆，本书将语法点整合起来，并按照“接续”“含义”“词类”分为三章。非常适合学习完《标日初级》的读者系统复习语法时使用。书中每个语法点均标注了在《标日初级》中出现的位置，方便读者查找。

本书主要有以下几个特点：

1.分类新颖：“按接续分类语法”包括名词、一类形容词、二类形容词以及动词十一种变形等相关语法；“按含义分类语法”包括变化与决定、比较与选择、请求与命令、授受关系、敬语等相关语法；“按词类分类语法”包括助词、形式名词、指示词、疑问词、接续词、副词等内容。

2.重点突出：语法讲解清晰细致，语言描述准确简练，语法点包含“含义”“说明”“例句”“注意”和“补充”等部分，方便读者全方位、深层次地掌握语法点。

3.细节完善：全书包含1000多个语法例句，既有书面语句又有生活化口语，并包含大量常用搭配，可以帮助读者更有效地理解语法点的用法。同时，所有例句中的日语汉字均标注了假名，能给读者带来更好的学习体验。

4.紧扣实战：全书包含435道巩固习题及4套N4、N5语法全真模拟试题，考点选择贴近实战，同时附有答案解析，方便读者自学。

衷心希望本书能够帮助初级日语学习者建立起日语语法框架，提高语法水平。

本书是针对初级日语学习者，特别是《新版中日交流标准日本语 初级（第二版）》的学习者编写而成的一本归纳总结性质的语法书。书中包含《标日初级》上下两册出现的231个语法知识点，并按接续、含义、词类划分为三章，有助于读者理清初级语法的脉络。本书语法讲解清晰细致，帮助读者深层次理解、掌握语法知识点。另外，本书配有章节巩固习题与N4、N5语法模拟题，并附有详细的中文解析，方便读者巩固提高。

新东方日语研究中心：新东方日语研究中心汇聚了新东方长期从事日语教学和研究工作的一线教师、辅导专家和资深编辑。他们具有丰富的教学经验及编辑经验，能够准确把握日语学生的学习需求及日语考试的命题指导思想、命题规律和命题趋势，熟知考生在备考阶段存在的弱点和误区。所编写的辅导用书凝聚了多年教学实践和理论探索之精华，方便考生明确备考方向，高效复习迎考。

目 录

第一章 按接续分类语法

第一节 语法概述·································2

   敬体形

1.名词谓语形式的敬体形·····························3

2.动词谓语形式的敬体形·····························3

3.一类形容词谓语形式的敬体形··························3

4.二类形容词谓语形式的=敬体形·· ························4

   简体形

1.名词谓语形式的简体形······························5

2.动词谓语形式的简体形·····························5

3.一类形容词谓语形式的简体形··························5

4.二类形容词谓语形式的简体形··························6

第二节 名词相关语法·······························7

1.～は～です／だ 【第1课，第22课】·······················7

2.～は～ではありません／ではない 【第1课，第22课】···············7

3.～は～でした／だった 【第10课，第22课】················ ···7

4.～は～ではありませんでした／ではなかった 【第10课，第22课】··········8

5.～は～ですか 【第1课】·····························8

6.～は～ですか、～ですか 【第3课】························9

7.名1+で+名2 【第16课】·····························9

8.～は～名（场所）です 【第3课】·························10

9.～に～があります／います 【第4课】·······················10

10.今～時～分です 【第5课】····························10

11.名（时间）に+动 【第5课】···························11

12.名（时间）+动 【第13课】·····························11

13.名（时间）に+名（次数）+动 【第13课】······················11

14.名（数量）+动 【第13课】····························12

  巩固练习（一）································ ·12

第三节.一类形容词相关语法·····························14

1.～は～です／～は～ 【第9课，第22课】······················14

2.～くないです／～くない 【第9课，第22课】····················14

3.～かったです／～かった 【第9课，第22课】····················14

4.～くなかったです／～くなかった 【第9课，第22课】················15

5.一类形+名 【第9课】································15

6.一类形+动 【第31课】·······························16

7.一类形+て+一类形 【第16课】···························16

8.一类形+さ 【第44课】·······························16

   巩固练习（二）···································17

第四节.二类形容词相关语法······························19

1.～は～です／～は～だ 【第10课，第22课】·····················19

2.～ではありません／～ではない 【第10课，第22课】·················19

3.～でした／～だった 【第10课，第22课】······················19

4.～ではありませんでした／～ではなかった 【第10课，第22课】············20

5.二类形+名 【第10课】································20

6.二类形+动 【第31课】······························· 20

7.二类形+で+二类形 【第16课】····························21

8.二类形+さ 【第44课】································21

   巩固练习（三）···································22

第五节.动词基本形相关语法·······························24

1.动词的三种类型····································24

2.自动词和他动词 【第18课，第33课】··························25

3.～ことができます 【第20课】····························26

4.～ことです 【第20课】·······························27

5.～前に、～ 【第20课】·······························27

6.～ことがあります 【第31课】····························27

   巩固练习（四）···································28

第六节.动词ます形相关语法······························30

1.动词ます形 【第5课】································30

2. 名（场所）へ+动+に行きます／来ます 【第13課】···················31

3.～たいです 【第17课】··················· ············31

4.～ませんか 【第17课】································31

5.～ましょう 【第17课】································32

6.～ましょうか 【第21课】·······························32

7.～ながら 【第27课】·································33

8.～なさい 【第29课】·································33

9.～始めます／出します／続けます／終わります 【第40课】················33

10.～やすいです／にくいです 【第43课】·························34

   巩固练习（五）····································34

第七节.动词て形相关语法································36

1.动词て形 【第14课】·································36

2.～てから 【第14课】·································37

3.～てください 【第14课】·······························38

4.～ています 【第15课，第16课，第27课】·······················38

5.～てもいいです 【第15课】······························39

6.～てはいけません 【第15课】····························39

7.～てしまいます 【第33课】·····························39

8.～てあります 【第34课】······························40

9.～ておきます 【第34课】······························40

10.～てみます 【第34课】·······························40

11.～ていきます 【第39课，第45课】·························41

12.～てきます 【第39课，第45课】··························41

13.～てきました 【第45课】······························42

   巩固练习（六）···································42

第八节.动词ない形相关语法······························44

1.动词ない形 【第19课】·······························44

2.～ないでください 【第19课】····························45

3.～なければなりません/ないといけません 【第19课】··················45

4.～なくてもいいです 【第19课】···························46

5.～ないで 【第29课，第39课】···························46

   巩固练习（七）··································47

第九节.动词た形相关·································49

1.动词た形 【第21课】································49

2.～たことがあります 【第21课】···························50

3.～た後で、～ 【第21课】······························50

4.～たほうがいいです 【第21课】···························50

5.～たり、～たりします 【第23课】··························51

6.～たばかりです 【第40课】·····························51

7.～たまま、～ 【第42课】······························52

   巩固练习（八）··································52

第十节.动词命令形相关语法·······························54

1.动词命令形 【第29课】································54

2.～なさい 【第29课】································55

3.～な 【第29课】··································55

4.～て／～ないで 【第29课】···························55

   巩固练习（九）·································56

第十一节.动词意志形相关语法····························58

1.动词意志形 【第30课】······························58

2.～ようと思います 【第30课】···························59

3.～ようと思っています 【第30课】·························59

4. ～ようとします 【拓展】·····························59

   巩固练习（十）··································60

第十二节.动词ば形相关语法·····························62

1.动词ば形 【第37课】·······························62

2.～と、～ 【第31课】·······························63

3.～たら、～ 【第35课】······························64

4.～なら、～ 【第37课】······························64

5.～と／たら／ばいいです 【拓展】·························65

6.～ば～ほど、～ 【第45课】····························66

   巩固练习（十一）·································66

第十三节.动词可能形相关语法·····························68

1.动词可能形 【第38课】·······························68

2.～ように、～ 【第38课】·····························69

3.～ようになります 【第38课】···························69

4.～ようにします 【第38课】····························70

   巩固练习（十二）··································70

第十四节.动词被动形式相关语法····························72

1.动词被动形式 【第41课】·······························72

2.名1は名2に动られます 【第41课】·························72

3.名1は名2に名3を动られます 【第41课】······················73

4.名1は名2に动られます 【第41课】·························73

5.名が／は动られます 【第41课】···························74

6.名１は名2によって动られます 【第41课】······················74

   巩固练习（十三）·································74

第十五节.动词使役形式及使役被动形式相关语法······················76

1.动词使役形式 【第43课】······························76

2.名1は名2を（自）动させます 【第43课】······················76

3.名1は名2に名3を（他）动させます 【第43课】···················77

4.动词使役被动形式 【第43课】·····························77

5.名1は名2に动させられます 【第43课】·······················78

6.～させてください 【第43课】····························78

7.～させていただきます 【第48课】··························79

   巩固练习（十四）··································79

第十六节.简体形相关语法································81

1.小句+かどうか 【第23课】······························81

2.疑问词小句+か 【第23课】······························81

3.～と思います 【第24课】······························82

4.～は～と言いました 【第24课】···························82

5.～のです／んです 【第24课】····························82

6.～ので／んで、～ 【第30课】····························83

7.～のに、～ 【第42课】·······························83

8.小句（动词简体形）+名 【第25课】··························84

9.小句（动词简体形）+の 【第26课】··························85

10.小句（动词简体形）+のが見えます／聞こえます 【第36课】··············85

11.小句（动词简体形）+時 【第27课】··························85

12.～でしょう 【第26课，第27课】··························86

13.～でしょうか 【第31课】······························86

14.～かもしれません 【第26课】···························87

   巩固练习（十五）·································87

第二章 按含义分类语法

第一节.变化与决定··································90

1.～なります 【第18课】······························90

2.～します 【第18课】·······························90

3.～ことになりました 【第32课】··························91

4.～ことにします／ことにしました 【第32课】····················91

5.～ようになります 【第38课】···························91

6.～ようにします 【第38课】····························92

   巩固练习（十六）·································92

第二节.比较与选择··································94

1.名1は名2より～です 【第12课】··························94

2.名1より名2のほうが～です 【第12课】·······················94

3.名1は名2ほど～ないです 【第12课】························94

4.名1の中で名2がいちばん～です 【第12课】·····················95

5.名1と名2とどちらが～ですか 【第12课】······················95

6.どの名／いつ／どれ／だれ／何が一番～ですか 【第12课】···············95

   巩固练习（十七）··································96

第三节.请求与命令···································98

1.～をください 【第7课】·······························98

2.～てください 【第14课】······························98

3.～ないでください 【第19课】····························98

4.～て／～ないで 【第29课】·····························99

5.～ていただけますか 【第48课】···························99

6.～させていただきます 【第48课】··························99

7.动词命令形 【第29课】·······························100

8.～なさい 【第29课】································100

9.～な 【第29课】··································100

   巩固练习（十八）·································101

第四节.提议与许可··································103

1.～ませんか 【第17课】·······························103

2.～ましょう 【第17课】·······························103

3.～ましょうか 【第21课】······························103

4.～ほうがいいです 【第18课，第21课】·······················104

5.～なければなりません 【第19课】·························104

6.～てもいいです 【第15课】····························104

7.～なくてもいいです 【第19课】··························105

8.～てはいけません 【第15课】···························105

   巩固练习（十九）································106

第五节.感情与想法·································108

1.名1は名2が～です 【第11课】··························108

2.名1は名2が分かります／できます 【第11课】···················108

3.～がほしいです 【第17课】····························108

4.～たいです 【第17课】······························109

5.动词意志形 【第30课】······························109

6.～ようと思います 【第30课】···························109

7.～ようと思っています 【第30课】·························110

8.～つもりです 【第32课】·····························110

   巩固练习（二十）·································111

第六节.授受关系···································113

1.人1は人2に物をあげます 【第8课】························113

2.人1は人2に物をもらいます 【第8课】·······················113

3.人1は人2に物をくれます 【第28课】·······················114

4.～てあげます 【第28课】·····························114

5.～てもらいます 【第28课】····························115

6.～てくれます 【第28课】·····························115

   巩固练习（二十一）·······························116

第七节.敬语····································118

1.～（ら）れます 【第47课】···························118

2.お～になります 【第47课】····························118

3.お／ご～ください 【第47课】···························118

4.尊他语特殊形式 【第47课】····························119

5.お／ご～します 【第48课】··························119

6.自谦语特殊形式 【第48课】···························120

7.～ございます／でございます 【第48课】·····················120

   巩固练习（二十二）······························121

第八节.其他常用语法·······························123

1.～とか～とか 【第37课】···························123

2.～し～し 【第45课】·····························123

3.～たり～たり 【第23课】···························124

4.疑问词+も 【第4课】·····························124

5.疑问词+でも 【第17课】····························124

6.名+でも 【第35课，第37课】·························125

7.～ても、～ 【第35课】····························125

8.もう 【第8课】································126

9.～過ぎます 【第44课】·····························126

10.～という～ 【第29课】·····························126

11.～味／においがします 【第46课】························127

12.～間 【第46课】································127

13.～そうです 【第32课，第33课】························128

14.～ようです 【第44课，第46课】························129

15.～みたいです 【第44课，第46课】·······················130

16.～らしいです 【第44课，第46课】·······················130

   巩固练习（二十三）·······························131

第三章 按词类分类语法

第一节.助词····································134

1.は 【第1课】··································134

2.も 【第3课】··································135

3.が 【第4课】··································135

4.の 【第1课】··································136

5.を 【第7课】··································136

6.に 【第4课】··································137

7.へ 【第6课】··································138

8.と 【第4课】··································138

9.や 【第11课】·································138

10.か 【第1课】·································139

11.で 【第6课】·································139

12.から 【第5课】·································140

13.まで 【第5课】·································140

14.くらい／ぐらい 【第13课】····························141

15.だけ 【第35课】·································141

16.しか 【第35课】·································141

17.ばかり 【第36课】································142

   巩固练习（二十四）································142

第二节.形式名词···································144

1.の 【第26课】··································144

2.こと 【第20课】·································144

3.ほう 【第12课】·································145

4.つもり 【第32课】································145

5.ため 【第34课】·································145

6.ところ 【第40课】································146

7.まま 【第42课】·································146

8.はず 【第42课】·································147

   巩固练习（二十五）································147

第三节.指示词····································149

1.これ／それ／あれ／どれ 【第2课】·························149

2.この／その／あの／どの 【第2课】·························149

3.ここ／そこ／あそこ／どこ 【第3课】························149

4.こちら／そちら／あちら／どちら 【第3课】·····················150

5.こんな／そんな／あんな／どんな 【第10课】·····················150

6.こう／そう／ああ／どう 【第14课】························150

   巩固练习（二十六）································151

第四节.疑问词····································153

1.だれ／どの人／どなた／どの方 【第2课】······················153

2.なん／なに 【第2课】·······························153

3.いくつ 【第2课】·································153

4.いくら 【第3课】·································154

5.いつ 【第5课】··································154

6.どう 【第10课】·································155

7.どうして／なぜ／なんで 【第11课】·························155

8.どれぐらい／どのぐらい 【第13课】························156

   巩固练习（二十七）································156

第五节.接续词····································158

1.だから 【第11课】································158

2.それで 【第26课】································158

3.それでは 【第30课】·······························159

4.そして 【第10课】································159

5.それに 【第28课】································160

6.それにしても 【第33课】·····························160

7.それから 【第14课】·······························161

8.とにかく 【第36课】·······························161

9.ところで 【第10课】·······························161

10.でも 【第10课】·································162

11.ただし 【第31课】································162

   巩固练习（二十八）································163

第六节.副词·····································165

1.とても 【第9课】·································165

2.ちょっと 【第9课】································165

3.あまり 【第9课】·································165

4.ぜんぜん 【第9课】································166

5.いつも／よく／ときどき／たまに 【第11课】····················166

6.さっき／たった今 【第8课】····························167

7.まもなく／もうすぐ／さっそく 【第18课】·····················167

8.さらに／もっと 【第18课】····························167

9.なんだか／なんか 【第38课】···························168

10.拟声词／拟态词 【第36课】····························168

   巩固练习（二十九）································168

第四章 全真模拟

全真模拟（一）····································172

全真模拟（二）····································175

全真模拟（三）····································178

全真模拟（四）····································181

答案与解析

巩固练习答案及解析·································186

全真模拟答案与解析·································219

附录

附录一.时间与数量词一览·······························232

1.时刻的读法·····································232

2.日期的读法·····································232

3.月份的读法·····································233

4.月数的读法·····································233

5.数词的读法·····································233

6.序数词的读法····································234

7. 量词的搭配····································234

8. 数量词的读法···································235

附录二.初级一类形容词一览······························236

附录三.初级二类形容词一览······························238

附录四.初级动词一览·································239

附录五.初级副词一览·································248